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2017 ; 62
(4
): 404-445
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Viral posterior uveitis
#MMPMID28012878
Lee JH
; Agarwal A
; Mahendradas P
; Lee CS
; Gupta V
; Pavesio CE
; Agrawal R
Surv Ophthalmol
2017[Jul]; 62
(4
): 404-445
PMID28012878
show ga
The causes of posterior uveitis can be divided into infectious, autoimmune, or
masquerade syndromes. Viral infections, a significant cause of sight-threatening
ocular diseases in the posterior segment, include human herpesviruses, measles,
rubella, and arboviruses such as dengue, West Nile, and chikungunya virus. Viral
posterior uveitis may occur as an isolated ocular disease in congenital or
acquired infections or as part of a systemic viral illness. Many viruses remain
latent in the infected host with a risk of reactivation that depends on various
factors, including virulence and host immunity, age, and comorbidities. Although
some viral illnesses are self-limiting and have a good visual prognosis, others,
such as cytomegalovirus retinitis or acute retinal necrosis, may result in
serious complications and profound vision loss. Since some of these infections
may respond well to antiviral therapy, it is important to work up all cases of
posterior uveitis to rule out an infectious etiology. We review the clinical
features, diagnostic tools, treatment regimens, and long-term outcomes for each
of these viral posterior uveitides.
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