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2014 ; 2
(10
): 1497-1508
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Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis in Modular Collagen-Fibrin Microtissues
#MMPMID25177487
Peterson AW
; Caldwell DJ
; Rioja AY
; Rao RR
; Putnam AJ
; Stegemann JP
Biomater Sci
2014[Oct]; 2
(10
): 1497-1508
PMID25177487
show ga
The process of new blood vessel formation is critical in tissue development,
remodeling and regeneration. Modular tissue engineering approaches have been
developed to enable the bottom-up assembly of more complex tissues, including
vascular networks. In this study, collagen-fibrin composite microbeads (100-300
?m in diameter) were fabricated using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. Human
endothelial cells and human fibroblasts were embedded directly in the microbead
matrix at the time of fabrication. Microbead populations were characterized and
cultured for 14 days either as free-floating populations or embedded in a
surrounding fibrin gel. The collagen-fibrin matrix efficiently entrapped cells
and supported their viability and spreading. By 7 days in culture, endothelial
cell networks were evident within microbeads, and these structures became more
prominent by day 14. Fibroblasts co-localized with endothelial cells, suggesting
a pericyte-like function, and laminin deposition indicated maturation of the
vessel networks over time. Microbeads embedded in a fibrin gel immediately after
fabrication showed the emergence of cells and the coalescence of vessel
structures in the surrounding matrix by day 7. By day 14, inosculation of
neighboring cords and prominent vessel structures were observed. Microbeads
pre-cultured for 7 days prior to embedding in fibrin gave rise to vessel networks
that emanated radially from the microbead by day 7, and developed into connected
networks by day 14. Lumen formation in endothelial cell networks was confirmed
using confocal sectioning. These data show that collagen-fibrin composite
microbeads support vascular network formation. Microbeads embedded directly after
fabrication emulated the process of vasculogenesis, while the branching and
joining of vessels from pre-cultured microbeads resembled angiogenesis. This
modular microtissue system has utility in studying the processes involved in new
vessel formation, and may be developed into a therapy for the treatment of
ischemic conditions.