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2014 ; 1842
(11
): 2106-2119
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Vascular wall extracellular matrix proteins and vascular diseases
#MMPMID25045854
Xu J
; Shi GP
Biochim Biophys Acta
2014[Nov]; 1842
(11
): 2106-2119
PMID25045854
show ga
Extracellular matrix proteins form the basic structure of blood vessels. Along
with providing basic structural support to blood vessels, matrix proteins
interact with different sets of vascular cells via cell surface integrin or
non-integrin receptors. Such interactions induce vascular cell de novo synthesis
of new matrix proteins during blood vessel development or remodeling. Under
pathological conditions, vascular matrix proteins undergo proteolytic processing,
yielding bioactive fragments to influence vascular wall matrix remodeling.
Vascular cells also produce alternatively spliced variants that induce vascular
cell production of different matrix proteins to interrupt matrix homeostasis,
leading to increased blood vessel stiffness; vascular cell migration,
proliferation, or death; or vascular wall leakage and rupture. Destruction of
vascular matrix proteins leads to vascular cell or blood-borne leukocyte
accumulation, proliferation, and neointima formation within the vascular wall;
blood vessels prone to uncontrolled enlargement during blood flow diastole;
tortuous vein development; and neovascularization from existing pathological
tissue microvessels. Here we summarize discoveries related to blood vessel matrix
proteins within the past decade from basic and clinical studies in humans and
animals - from expression to cross-linking, assembly, and degradation under
physiological and vascular pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis,
aortic aneurysms, varicose veins, and hypertension.