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Curr Transl Geriatr Exp Gerontol Rep
2013[Sep]; 2
(3
): 188-195
PMID26213642
show ga
The purpose of this review is to highlight existing literature on the
epidemiology, pathophysiology, and novel risk factors for vascular dementia. We
further examine the evidence linking chronic brain hypoperfusion induced by a
variety of cardiovascular diseases to the development of vascular dementia. In
the elderly, in whom cerebral perfusion is diminished by the aging process,
additional reduction in cerebral blood flow stemming from exposure to potentially
modifiable vascular risk factors increases the probability of developing vascular
dementia. Finally, we discuss the association between obstructive sleep apnea, an
underrecognized risk factor for stroke, and vascular dementia. Obstructive sleep
apnea is linked to cerebrovascular disease through many intermediary vascular
risk factors and may directly cause cerebrovascular damage through microvacular
disease. Insight into how cardiovascular risk factors induce vascular dementia
offers an enhanced understanding of the multifactorial pathophysiology by this
disorder and ways of preventing and managing the cerebrovascular precursors of
vascular dementia. Many vital questions about the relation of obstructive sleep
apnea with stroke and vascular dementia are still unanswered and await future
well-designed studies.
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