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2015 ; 16
(5
): 11574-608
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Vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis and clinical significance
#MMPMID26006236
Xu J
; Lu X
; Shi GP
Int J Mol Sci
2015[May]; 16
(5
): 11574-608
PMID26006236
show ga
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to several acute
cardiovascular complications with poor prognosis. For decades, the role of the
adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) in the initiation and progression of
atherosclerosis has received broad attention. The presence of VV
neovascularization precedes the apparent symptoms of clinical atherosclerosis. VV
also mediates inflammatory cell infiltration, intimal thickening, intraplaque
hemorrhage, and subsequent atherothrombosis that results in stroke or myocardial
infarction. Intraplaque neovessels originating from VV can be immature and hence
susceptible to leakage, and are thus regarded as the leading cause of intraplaque
hemorrhage. Evidence supports VV as a new surrogate target of atherosclerosis
evaluation and treatment. This review provides an overview into the relationship
between VV and atherosclerosis, including the anatomy and function of VV, the
stimuli of VV neovascularization, and the available underlying mechanisms that
lead to poor prognosis. We also summarize translational researches on VV imaging
modalities and potential therapies that target VV neovascularization or its
stimuli.