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2017 ; 37
(2
): 141-151
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Update on the Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration
#MMPMID28564722
Preziosi ME
; Monga SP
Semin Liver Dis
2017[May]; 37
(2
): 141-151
PMID28564722
show ga
Liver possesses many critical functions such as synthesis, detoxification, and
metabolism. It continually receives nutrient-rich blood from gut, which
incidentally is also toxin-rich. That may be why liver is uniquely bestowed with
a capacity to regenerate. A commonly studied procedure to understand the cellular
and molecular basis of liver regeneration is that of surgical resection. Removal
of two-thirds of the liver in rodents or patients instigates alterations in
hepatic homeostasis, which are sensed by the deficient organ to drive the
restoration process. Although the exact mechanisms that initiate regeneration are
unknown, alterations in hemodynamics and metabolism have been suspected as
important effectors. Key signaling pathways are activated that drive cell
proliferation in various hepatic cell types through autocrine and paracrine
mechanisms. Once the prehepatectomy mass is regained, the process of regeneration
is adequately terminated. This review highlights recent discoveries in the
cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration.