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2014 ; 22
(12
): 1404-12
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Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry
#MMPMID24667789
Chaubey G
; Singh M
; Crivellaro F
; Tamang R
; Nandan A
; Singh K
; Sharma VK
; Pathak AK
; Shah AM
; Sharma V
; Singh VK
; Selvi Rani D
; Rai N
; Kushniarevich A
; Ilumäe AM
; Karmin M
; Phillip A
; Verma A
; Prank E
; Singh VK
; Li B
; Govindaraj P
; Chaubey AK
; Dubey PK
; Reddy AG
; Premkumar K
; Vishnupriya S
; Pande V
; Parik J
; Rootsi S
; Endicott P
; Metspalu M
; Lahr MM
; van Driem G
; Villems R
; Kivisild T
; Singh L
; Thangaraj K
Eur J Hum Genet
2014[Dec]; 22
(12
): 1404-12
PMID24667789
show ga
The northern region of the Indian subcontinent is a vast landscape interlaced by
diverse ecologies, for example, the Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas. A great
number of ethnic groups are found there, displaying a multitude of languages and
cultures. The Tharu is one of the largest and most linguistically diverse of such
groups, scattered across the Tarai region of Nepal and bordering Indian states.
Their origins are uncertain. Hypotheses have been advanced postulating shared
ancestry with Austroasiatic, or Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations as well as
aboriginal roots in the Tarai. Several Tharu groups speak a variety of Indo-Aryan
languages, but have traditionally been described by ethnographers as representing
East Asian phenotype. Their ancestry and intra-population diversity has
previously been tested only for haploid (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome)
markers in a small portion of the population. This study presents the first
systematic genetic survey of the Tharu from both Nepal and two Indian states of
Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, using genome-wide SNPs and haploid markers. We
show that the Tharu have dual genetic ancestry as up to one-half of their gene
pool is of East Asian origin. Within the South Asian proportion of the Tharu
genetic ancestry, we see vestiges of their common origin in the north of the
South Asian Subcontinent manifested by mitochondrial DNA haplogroup M43.