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2010 ; 1
(ä): 231-46
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Unit operations of tissue development: epithelial folding
#MMPMID22432580
Zartman JJ
; Shvartsman SY
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng
2010[]; 1
(ä): 231-46
PMID22432580
show ga
The development of multicellular organisms relies on a small set of construction
techniques-assembly, sculpting, and folding-that are spatially and temporally
regulated in a combinatorial manner to produce the diversity of tissues within
the body. These basic processes are well conserved across tissue types and
species at the level of both genes and mechanisms. Here we review the signaling,
patterning, and biomechanical transformations that occur in two well-studied
model systems of epithelial folding to illustrate both the complexity and
modularity of tissue development. In particular, we discuss the possibility of a
spatial code specifying morphogenesis. To decipher this code, engineers and
scientists need to establish quantitative experimental systems and to develop
models that address mechanisms at multiple levels of organization, from gene
sequence to tissue biomechanics. In turn, quantitative models of embryogenesis
can inspire novel methods for creating synthetic organs and treating degenerative
tissue diseases.