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2014 ; 8
(9-10
): 748-61
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Uncovering the molecular networks in periodontitis
#MMPMID24828325
Trindade F
; Oppenheim FG
; Helmerhorst EJ
; Amado F
; Gomes PS
; Vitorino R
Proteomics Clin Appl
2014[Oct]; 8
(9-10
): 748-61
PMID24828325
show ga
Periodontitis is a complex immune-inflammatory disease that results from a
preestablished infection in gingiva, mainly due to Gram-negative bacteria that
colonize deeper in gingival sulcus and latter periodontal pocket. Host
inflammatory and immune responses have both protective and destructive roles.
Although cytokines, prostaglandins, and proteases struggle against microbial
burden, these molecules promote connective tissue loss and alveolar bone
resorption, leading to several histopathological changes, namely destruction of
periodontal ligament, deepening of periodontal pocket, and bone loss, which can
converge to attain tooth loss. Despite the efforts of genomics, transcriptomics,
proteomics/peptidomics, and metabolomics, there is no available biomarker for
periodontitis diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation, which could assist
on the established clinical evaluation. Nevertheless, some genes, transcripts,
proteins and metabolites have already shown a different expression in healthy
subjects and in patients. Though, so far, 'omics approaches only disclosed the
host inflammatory response as a consequence of microbial invasion in
periodontitis and the diagnosis in periodontitis still relies on clinical
parameters, thus a molecular tool for assessing periodontitis lacks in current
dental medicine paradigm. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid have been
attracting researchers due to their diagnostic potential, ease, and noninvasive
nature of collection. Each one of these fluids has some advantages and
disadvantages that are discussed in this review.