Unconventional Neurogenic Niches and Neurogenesis Modulation by Vitamins
#MMPMID26203401
Oyarce K
; Bongarzone ER
; Nualart F
J Stem Cell Res Ther
2014[Mar]; 4
(3
): 184
PMID26203401
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Although the generation of new neurons occurs in adult mammals, it has been
classically described in two defined regions of the brain denominated neurogenic
niches: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular
zone of the dentate gyrus. In these regions, neural stem cells give rise to new
neurons and glia, which functionally integrate into the existing circuits under
physiological conditions. However, accumulating evidence indicates the presence
of neurogenic potential in other brain regions, from which multipotent precursors
can be isolated and differentiated in vitro. In some of these regions, neuron
generation occurs at low levels; however, the addition of growth factors,
hormones or other signaling molecules increases the proliferation and
differentiation of precursor cells. In addition, vitamins, which are
micronutrients necessary for normal brain development, and whose deficiency
produces neurological impairments, have a regulatory effect on neural stem cells
in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we will describe the progress that
has been achieved in determining the neurogenic potential in other regions, known
as unconventional niches, as well as the characteristics of the neural stem cells
described for each region. Finally, we will revisit the roles of commonly known
vitamins as modulators of precursor cell proliferation and differentiation, and
their role in the complex and tight molecular signaling that impacts these
neurogenic niches.
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