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2012 ; 1
(2
): 82-99
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Tungsten Toxicity in Plants
#MMPMID27137642
Adamakis ID
; Panteris E
; Eleftheriou EP
Plants (Basel)
2012[Nov]; 1
(2
): 82-99
PMID27137642
show ga
Tungsten (W) is a rare heavy metal, widely used in a range of industrial,
military and household applications due to its unique physical properties. These
activities inevitably have accounted for local W accumulation at high
concentrations, raising concerns about its effects for living organisms. In
plants, W has primarily been used as an inhibitor of the molybdoenzymes, since it
antagonizes molybdenum (Mo) for the Mo-cofactor (MoCo) of these enzymes. However,
recent advances indicate that, beyond Mo-enzyme inhibition, W has toxic
attributes similar with those of other heavy metals. These include hindering of
seedling growth, reduction of root and shoot biomass, ultrastructural
malformations of cell components, aberration of cell cycle, disruption of the
cytoskeleton and deregulation of gene expression related with programmed cell
death (PCD). In this article, the recent available information on W toxicity in
plants and plant cells is reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and the most pertinent
research directions are outlined.
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