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2016 ; 5
(5
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Tumor Budding: The Name is EMT Partial EMT
#MMPMID27136592
Grigore AD
; Jolly MK
; Jia D
; Farach-Carson MC
; Levine H
J Clin Med
2016[Apr]; 5
(5
): ä PMID27136592
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Tumor budding is a histological phenomenon encountered in various cancers,
whereby individual malignant cells and/or small clusters of malignant cells are
seen in the tumor stroma. Postulated to be mirror epithelial-mesenchymal
transition, tumor budding has been associated with poor cancer outcomes. However,
the vast heterogeneity in its exact definition, methodology of assessment, and
patient stratification need to be resolved before it can be routinely used as a
standardized prognostic feature. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity in defining
and assessing tumor budding, its clinical significance across multiple cancer
types, and its prospective implementation in clinical practice. Next, we review
the emerging evidence about partial, rather than complete, epithelial-mesenchymal
phenotype at the tumor bud level, and its connection with tumor proliferation,
quiescence, and stemness. Finally, based on recent literature, indicating a
co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in many tumor buds, we posit
tumor budding to be a manifestation of this hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal
phenotype displaying collective cell migration.
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