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Tularemia in Germany-A Re-emerging Zoonosis
#MMPMID29503812
Faber M
; Heuner K
; Jacob D
; Grunow R
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
2018[]; 8
(?): 40
PMID29503812
show ga
Tularemia, also known as "rabbit fever," is a zoonosis caused by the facultative
intracellular, gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Infection occurs
through contact with infected animals (often hares), arthropod vectors (such as
ticks or deer flies), inhalation of contaminated dust or through contaminated
food and water. In this review, we would like to provide an overview of the
current epidemiological situation in Germany using published studies and case
reports, an analysis of recent surveillance data and our own experience from the
laboratory diagnostics, and investigation of cases. While in Germany tularemia is
a rarely reported disease, there is evidence of recent re-emergence. We also
describe some peculiarities that were observed in Germany, such as a broad
genetic diversity, and a recently discovered new genus of Francisella and
protracted or severe clinical courses of infections with the subspecies
holarctica. Because tularemia is a zoonosis, we also touch upon the situation in
the animal reservoir and one-health aspects of this disease. Apparently, many
pieces of the puzzle need to be found and put into place before the complex
interaction between wildlife, the environment and humans are fully understood.
Funding for investigations into rare diseases is scarce. Therefore, combining
efforts in several countries in the framework of international projects may be
necessary to advance further our understanding of this serious but also
scientifically interesting disease.
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