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2014 ; 3
(10
): e957994
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Trial watch: IDO inhibitors in cancer therapy
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Vacchelli E
; Aranda F
; Eggermont A
; Sautès-Fridman C
; Tartour E
; Kennedy EP
; Platten M
; Zitvogel L
; Kroemer G
; Galluzzi L
Oncoimmunology
2014[Nov]; 3
(10
): e957994
PMID25941578
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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1) is the main enzyme that catalyzes the first,
rate-limiting step of the so-called "kynurenine pathway", i.e., the metabolic
cascade that converts the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) into
L-kynurenine (Kyn). IDO1, which is expressed constitutively by some tissues and
in an inducible manner by specific subsets of antigen-presenting cells, has been
shown to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of peripheral
tolerance. At least in part, this reflects the capacity of IDO1 to restrict the
microenvironmental availability of Trp and to favor the accumulation of Kyn and
some of its derivatives. Also, several neoplastic lesions express IDO1, providing
them with a means to evade anticancer immunosurveillance. This consideration has
driven the development of several IDO1 inhibitors, some of which (including
1-methyltryptophan) have nowadays entered clinical evaluation. In animal tumor
models, the inhibition of IDO1 by chemical or genetic interventions is indeed
associated with the (re)activation of therapeutically relevant anticancer immune
responses. This said, several immunotherapeutic regimens exert robust clinical
activity in spite of their ability to promote the expression of IDO1. Moreover,
1-methyltryptophan has recently been shown to exert IDO1-independent
immunostimulatory effects. Here, we summarize the preclinical and clinical
studies testing the antineoplastic activity of IDO1-targeting interventions.