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2016 ; 144
(ä): 188-205
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Translational potential of astrocytes in brain disorders
#MMPMID26386136
Verkhratsky A
; Steardo L
; Parpura V
; Montana V
Prog Neurobiol
2016[Sep]; 144
(ä): 188-205
PMID26386136
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Fundamentally, all brain disorders can be broadly defined as the homeostatic
failure of this organ. As the brain is composed of many different cells types,
including but not limited to neurons and glia, it is only logical that all the
cell types/constituents could play a role in health and disease. Yet, for a long
time the sole conceptualization of brain pathology was focused on the well-being
of neurons. Here, we challenge this neuron-centric view and present neuroglia as
a key element in neuropathology, a process that has a toll on astrocytes, which
undergo complex morpho-functional changes that can in turn affect the course of
the disorder. Such changes can be grossly identified as reactivity, atrophy with
loss of function and pathological remodeling. We outline the pathogenic potential
of astrocytes in variety of disorders, ranging from neurotrauma, infection, toxic
damage, stroke, epilepsy, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric
disorders, Alexander disease to neoplastic changes seen in gliomas. We hope that
in near future we would witness glial-based translational medicine with
generation of deliverables for the containment and cure of disorders. We point
out that such as a task will require a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach
that will take in consideration the concerted operation of all the cell types in
the brain.
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