Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25560046
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Br+J+Pharmacol
2015 ; 172
(9
): 2179-209
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Transdermal patches: history, development and pharmacology
#MMPMID25560046
Pastore MN
; Kalia YN
; Horstmann M
; Roberts MS
Br J Pharmacol
2015[May]; 172
(9
): 2179-209
PMID25560046
show ga
Transdermal patches are now widely used as cosmetic, topical and transdermal
delivery systems. These patches represent a key outcome from the growth in skin
science, technology and expertise developed through trial and error, clinical
observation and evidence-based studies that date back to the first existing human
records. This review begins with the earliest topical therapies and traces
topical delivery to the present-day transdermal patches, describing along the way
the initial trials, devices and drug delivery systems that underpin current
transdermal patches and their actives. This is followed by consideration of the
evolution in the various patch designs and their limitations as well as
requirements for actives to be used for transdermal delivery. The properties of
and issues associated with the use of currently marketed products, such as
variability, safety and regulatory aspects, are then described. The review
concludes by examining future prospects for transdermal patches and drug delivery
systems, such as the combination of active delivery systems with patches,
minimally invasive microneedle patches and cutaneous solutions, including
metered-dose systems.
free
free
free
