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2014 ; 30
(ä): 14-26
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Transcriptional control of spermatogonial maintenance and differentiation
#MMPMID24560784
Song HW
; Wilkinson MF
Semin Cell Dev Biol
2014[Jun]; 30
(ä): 14-26
PMID24560784
show ga
Spermatogenesis is a multistep process that generates millions of spermatozoa per
day in mammals. A key to this process is the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC),
which has the dual property of continually renewing and undergoing
differentiation into a spermatogonial progenitor that expands and further
differentiates. In this review, we will focus on how these proliferative and
early differentiation steps in mammalian male germ cells are controlled by
transcription factors. Most of the transcription factors that have so far been
identified as promoting SSC self-renewal (BCL6B, BRACHYURY, ETV5, ID4, LHX1, and
POU3F1) are upregulated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).
Since GDNF is crucial for promoting SSC self-renewal, this suggests that these
transcription factors are responsible for coordinating the action of GDNF in
SSCs. Other transcription factors that promote SSC self-renewal are expressed
independently of GDNF (FOXO1, PLZF, POU5F1, and TAF4B) and thus may act in
non-GDNF pathways to promote SSC cell growth or survival. Several transcription
factors have been identified that promote spermatogonial differentiation (DMRT1,
NGN3, SOHLH1, SOHLH2, SOX3, and STAT3); some of these may influence the decision
of an SSC to commit to differentiate while others may promote later
spermatogonial differentiation steps. Many of these transcription factors
regulate each other and act on common targets, suggesting they integrate to form
complex transcriptional networks in self-renewing and differentiating
spermatogonia.