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2016 ; 10
(5
): 461-474
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Toward the reconstitution of synthetic cell motility
#MMPMID27019160
Siton-Mendelson O
; Bernheim-Groswasser A
Cell Adh Migr
2016[Sep]; 10
(5
): 461-474
PMID27019160
show ga
Cellular motility is a fundamental process essential for embryonic development,
wound healing, immune responses, and tissues development. Cells are mostly moving
by crawling on external, or inside, substrates which can differ in their surface
composition, geometry, and dimensionality. Cells can adopt different migration
phenotypes, e.g., bleb-based and protrusion-based, depending on myosin
contractility, surface adhesion, and cell confinement. In the few past decades,
research on cell motility has focused on uncovering the major molecular players
and their order of events. Despite major progresses, our ability to infer on the
collective behavior from the molecular properties remains a major challenge,
especially because cell migration integrates numerous chemical and mechanical
processes that are coupled via feedbacks that span over large range of time and
length scales. For this reason, reconstituted model systems were developed. These
systems allow for full control of the molecular constituents and various system
parameters, thereby providing insight into their individual roles and functions.
In this review we describe the various reconstituted model systems that were
developed in the past decades. Because of the multiple steps involved in cell
motility and the complexity of the overall process, most of the model systems
focus on very specific aspects of the individual steps of cell motility. Here we
describe the main advancement in cell motility reconstitution and discuss the
main challenges toward the realization of a synthetic motile cell.
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