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2015 ; 6
(2
): 45-54
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Tolerance Induction in Liver
#MMPMID26082828
Karimi MH
; Geramizadeh B
; Malek-Hosseini SA
Int J Organ Transplant Med
2015[]; 6
(2
): 45-54
PMID26082828
show ga
Liver is an exclusive anatomical and immunological organ that displays a
considerable tolerance effect. Liver allograft acceptance is shown to occur
spontaneously within different species. Although in human transplant patients
tolerance is rarely seen, the severity level and cellular mechanisms of
transplant rejection vary. Non-paranchymal liver cells, including Kupffer cells,
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and resident
dendritic cells may participate in liver tolerogenicity. The mentioned cells
secret anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-? and IL-10 and express negative
co-stimulatory molecules like PD-L1 to mediate immunosuppression. Other
mechanisms such as microchimerism, soluble major histocompatibility complex and
regulatory T cells may take part in tolerance induction. Understanding the
mechanisms involved in liver transplant rejection/tolerance helps us to improve
therapeutic options to induce hepatic tolerance.