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2014 ; 20
(17
): 4673-88
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To "grow" or "go": TMEM16A expression as a switch between tumor growth and
metastasis in SCCHN
#MMPMID24919570
Shiwarski DJ
; Shao C
; Bill A
; Kim J
; Xiao D
; Bertrand CA
; Seethala RS
; Sano D
; Myers JN
; Ha P
; Grandis J
; Gaither LA
; Puthenveedu MA
; Duvvuri U
Clin Cancer Res
2014[Sep]; 20
(17
): 4673-88
PMID24919570
show ga
PURPOSE: Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with cancer.
However, the mechanisms that underlie metastatic progression remain unclear. We
examined TMEM16A (ANO1) expression as a key factor shifting tumors between growth
and metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We evaluated 26 pairs of primary and
metastatic lymph node (LN) tissue from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of
the head and neck (SCCHN) for differential expression of TMEM16A. In addition, we
identified mechanisms by which TMEM16A expression influences tumor cell motility
via proteomic screens of cell lines and in vivo mouse studies of metastasis.
RESULTS: Compared with primary tumors, TMEM16A expression decreases in metastatic
LNs of patients with SCCHN. Stable reduction of TMEM16A expression enhances cell
motility and increases metastases while decreasing tumor proliferation in an
orthotopic mouse model. Evaluation of human tumor tissues suggests an epigenetic
mechanism for decreasing TMEM16A expression through promoter methylation that
correlated with a transition between an epithelial and a mesenchymal phenotype.
These effects of TMEM16A expression on tumor cell size and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) required the amino acid residue serine
970 (S970); however, mutation of S970 to alanine does not disrupt the
proliferative advantages of TMEM16A overexpression. Furthermore, S970 mediates
the association of TMEM16A with Radixin, an actin-scaffolding protein implicated
in EMT. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results identify TMEM16A, an eight
transmembrane domain Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, as a primary driver of the
"Grow" or "Go" model for cancer progression, in which TMEM16A expression acts to
balance tumor proliferation and metastasis via its promoter methylation.