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2016 ; 58
(1
): 43-58
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English Wikipedia
Timing by rhythms: Daily clocks and developmental rulers
#MMPMID26542934
Webb AB
; Oates AC
Dev Growth Differ
2016[Jan]; 58
(1
): 43-58
PMID26542934
show ga
Biological rhythms are widespread, allowing organisms to temporally organize
their behavior and metabolism in advantageous ways. Such proper timing of
molecular and cellular events is critical to their development and health. This
is best understood in the case of the circadian clock that orchestrates the daily
sleep/wake cycle of organisms. Temporal rhythms can also be used for spatial
organization, if information from an oscillating system can be recorded within
the tissue in a manner that leaves a permanent periodic pattern. One example of
this is the "segmentation clock" used by the vertebrate embryo to rhythmically
and sequentially subdivide its elongating body axis. The segmentation clock moves
with the elongation of the embryo, such that its period sets the segment length
as the tissue grows outward. Although the study of this system is still
relatively young compared to the circadian clock, outlines of molecular,
cellular, and tissue-level regulatory mechanisms of timing have emerged. The
question remains, however, is it truly a clock? Here we seek to introduce the
segmentation clock to a wider audience of chronobiologists, focusing on the role
and control of timing in the system. We compare and contrast the segmentation
clock with the circadian clock, and propose that the segmentation clock is
actually an oscillatory ruler, with a primary function to measure embryonic
space.