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2015 ; 5
(1
): 16
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Timing and causes of death in septic shock
#MMPMID26092499
Daviaud F
; Grimaldi D
; Dechartres A
; Charpentier J
; Geri G
; Marin N
; Chiche JD
; Cariou A
; Mira JP
; Pène F
Ann Intensive Care
2015[Dec]; 5
(1
): 16
PMID26092499
show ga
BACKGROUND: Most studies about septic shock report a crude mortality rate that
neither distinguishes between early and late deaths nor addresses the direct
causes of death. We herein aimed to determine the modalities of death in septic
shock. METHODS: This was a 6-year (2008-2013) monocenter retrospective study. All
consecutive patients diagnosed for septic shock within the first 48 h of
intensive care unit (ICU) admission were included. Early and late deaths were
defined as occurring within or after 3 days following ICU admission,
respectively. The main cause of death in the ICU was determined from medical
files. A multinomial logistic regression analysis using the status alive as the
reference category was performed to identify the prognostic factors associated
with early and late deaths. RESULTS: Five hundred forty-three patients were
included, with a mean age of 66?±?15 years and a high proportion (67 %) of
comorbidities. The in-ICU and in-hospital mortality rates were 37.2 and 45 %,
respectively. Deaths occurred early for 78 (32 %) and later on for 166 (68 %)
patients in the ICU (n?=?124) or in the hospital (n?=?42). Early deaths were
mainly attributable to intractable multiple organ failure related to the primary
infection (82 %) and to mesenteric ischemia (6.4 %). In-ICU late deaths were
directly related to end-of-life decisions in 29 % of patients and otherwise
mostly related to ICU-acquired complications, including nosocomial infections
(20.4 %) and mesenteric ischemia (16.6 %). Independent determinants of early
death were age, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, no pathogen identification, and
initial severity. Among 3-day survivors, independent risk factors for late death
were age, cirrhosis, no pathogen identification, and previous corticosteroid
treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of septic
shock-related deaths. Identification of risk factors of early and late deaths may
determine differential prognostic patterns.