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2013 ; 63
(1
): 1-12
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Tight junction-related human diseases
#MMPMID23356220
Sawada N
Pathol Int
2013[Jan]; 63
(1
): 1-12
PMID23356220
show ga
Tight junctions are intercellular junctions adjacent to the apical ends of
paracellular spaces. They have two classical functions, the barrier function and
the fence function. The former regulates the passage of ions, water and various
molecules through paracellular spaces, and is thus related to edema, jaundice,
diarrhea and blood-borne metastasis. The latter function maintains cell polarity
by forming a fence to prevent intermixing of molecules in the apical membrane
with those in the lateral membrane. This function is deeply involved in cancer
cell properties in terms of loss of cell polarity. Recently, two novel aspects of
tight junctions have been reported. One is their involvement in signal
transduction. The other is that fact that tight junctions are considered to be a
crucial component of innate immunity. In addition, since some proteins comprising
tight junctions work as receptors for viruses and extracellular stimuli,
pathogenic bacteria and viruses target and affect the tight junction functions,
leading to diseases. In this review, the relationship between tight junctions and
human diseases will be described.
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