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2015 ; 7
(9
): 5145-54
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Tight Junctions Go Viral!
#MMPMID26404354
Torres-Flores JM
; Arias CF
Viruses
2015[Sep]; 7
(9
): 5145-54
PMID26404354
show ga
Tight junctions (TJs) are highly specialized membrane domains involved in many
important cellular processes such as the regulation of the passage of ions and
macromolecules across the paracellular space and the establishment of cell
polarity in epithelial cells. Over the past few years there has been increasing
evidence that different components of the TJs can be hijacked by viruses in order
to complete their infectious cycle. Viruses from at least nine different families
of DNA and RNA viruses have been reported to use TJ proteins in their benefit.
For example, TJ proteins such as JAM-A or some members of the claudin family of
proteins are used by members of the Reoviridae family and hepatitis C virus as
receptors or co-receptors during their entry into their host cells. Reovirus, in
addition, takes advantage of the TJ protein Junction Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A)
to achieve its hematogenous dissemination. Some other viruses are capable of
regulating the expression or the localization of TJ proteins to induce cell
transformation or to improve the efficiency of their exit process. This review
encompasses the importance of TJs for viral entry, replication, dissemination,
and egress, and makes a clear statement of the importance of studying these
proteins to gain a better understanding of the replication strategies used by
viruses that infect epithelial and/or endothelial cells.