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2017 ; 232
(2
): 351-362
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Thyroid hormones induce browning of white fat
#MMPMID27913573
Martínez-Sánchez N
; Moreno-Navarrete JM
; Contreras C
; Rial-Pensado E
; Fernř J
; Nogueiras R
; Diéguez C
; Fernández-Real JM
; López M
J Endocrinol
2017[Feb]; 232
(2
): 351-362
PMID27913573
show ga
The canonical view about the effect of thyroid hormones (THs) on thermogenesis
assumes that the hypothalamus acts merely as a modulator of the sympathetic
outflow on brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recent data have challenged that vision by
demonstrating that THs act on the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH)
to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the thermogenic
program in BAT, leading to increased thermogenesis and weight loss. Current data
have shown that in addition to activation of brown fat, the browning of white
adipose tissue (WAT) might also be an important thermogenic mechanism. However,
the possible central effects of THs on the browning of white fat remain unclear.
Here, we show that 3,3',5,5' tetraiodothyroxyne (T(4))-induced hyperthyroidism
promotes a marked browning of WAT. Of note, central or VMH-specific
administration of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)) recapitulates that effect. The
specific genetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK in the VMH reversed the central
effect of T(3) on browning. Finally, we also showed that the expression of
browning genes in human WAT correlates with serum T(4) Overall, these data
indicate that THs induce browning of WAT and that this mechanism is mediated via
the central effects of THs on energy balance.
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