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2014 ; 1839
(10
): 908-918
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Themes and variations in riboswitch structure and function
#MMPMID24583553
Peselis A
; Serganov A
Biochim Biophys Acta
2014[Oct]; 1839
(10
): 908-918
PMID24583553
show ga
The complexity of gene expression control by non-coding RNA has been highlighted
by the recent progress in the field of riboswitches. Discovered a decade ago,
riboswitches represent a diverse group of non-coding mRNA regions that possess a
unique ability to directly sense cellular metabolites and modulate gene
expression through formation of alternative metabolite-free and metabolite-bound
conformations. Such protein-free metabolite sensing domains utilize sophisticated
three-dimensional folding of RNA molecules to discriminate between a cognate
ligand from related compounds so that only the right ligand would trigger a
genetic response. Given the variety of riboswitch ligands ranging from small
cations to large coenzymes, riboswitches adopt a great diversity of structures.
Although many riboswitches share structural principles to build
metabolite-competent folds, form precise ligand-binding pockets, and communicate
a ligand-binding event to downstream regulatory regions, virtually all riboswitch
classes possess unique features for ligand recognition, even those tuned to
recognize the same metabolites. Here we present an overview of the biochemical
and structural research on riboswitches with a major focus on common principles
and individual characteristics adopted by these regulatory RNA elements during
evolution to specifically target small molecules and exert genetic responses.
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Riboswitches.