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2015 ; 290
(48
): 28594-5
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Thematic Minireview Series: Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity
#MMPMID26453312
Colbran RJ
J Biol Chem
2015[Nov]; 290
(48
): 28594-5
PMID26453312
show ga
The human brain contains ~86 billion neurons, which are precisely organized in
specific brain regions and nuclei. High fidelity synaptic communication between
subsets of neurons in specific circuits is required for most human behaviors, and
is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. The presynaptic axon terminals
of one neuron release neurotransmitters that activate receptors on multiple
postsynaptic neuron targets to induce electrical and chemical responses.
Typically, postsynaptic neurons integrate signals from multiple presynaptic
neurons at thousands of synaptic inputs to control downstream communication to
the next neuron in the circuit. Importantly, the strength (or efficiency) of
signal transmission at each synapse can be modulated on time scales ranging up to
the lifetime of the organism. This "synaptic plasticity" leads to changes in
overall neuronal circuit activity, resulting in behavioral modifications. This
series of minireviews will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the
molecular and cellular mechanisms that control synaptic plasticity.