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2015 ; 1
(7
): e1500734
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The structure of DNA by direct imaging
#MMPMID26601243
Marini M
; Falqui A
; Moretti M
; Limongi T
; Allione M
; Genovese A
; Lopatin S
; Tirinato L
; Das G
; Torre B
; Giugni A
; Gentile F
; Candeloro P
; Di Fabrizio E
Sci Adv
2015[Aug]; 1
(7
): e1500734
PMID26601243
show ga
The structure of DNA was determined in 1953 by x-ray fiber diffraction. Several
attempts have been made to obtain a direct image of DNA with alternative
techniques. The direct image is intended to allow a quantitative evaluation of
all relevant characteristic lengths present in a molecule. A direct image of DNA,
which is different from diffraction in the reciprocal space, is difficult to
obtain for two main reasons: the intrinsic very low contrast of the elements that
form the molecule and the difficulty of preparing the sample while preserving its
pristine shape and size. We show that through a preparation procedure compatible
with the DNA physiological conditions, a direct image of a single suspended DNA
molecule can be obtained. In the image, all relevant lengths of A-form DNA are
measurable. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope that operates at
80 keV with an ultimate resolution of 1.5 Å was used for this experiment. Direct
imaging of a single molecule can be used as a method to address biological
problems that require knowledge at the single-molecule level, given that the
average information obtained by x-ray diffraction of crystals or fibers is not
sufficient for detailed structure determination, or when crystals cannot be
obtained from biological molecules or are not sufficient in understanding
multiple protein configurations.