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2017 ; 127
(3
): 780-789
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The role of the complement system in cancer
#MMPMID28248200
Afshar-Kharghan V
J Clin Invest
2017[Mar]; 127
(3
): 780-789
PMID28248200
show ga
In addition to being a component of innate immunity and an ancient defense
mechanism against invading pathogens, complement activation also participates in
the adaptive immune response, inflammation, hemostasis, embryogenesis, and organ
repair and development. Activation of the complement system via classical,
lectin, or alternative pathways generates anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and
membrane attack complex (C5b-9) and opsonizes targeted cells. Complement
activation end products and their receptors mediate cell-cell interactions that
regulate several biological functions in the extravascular tissue. Signaling of
anaphylatoxin receptors or assembly of membrane attack complex promotes cell
dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration in addition to reducing
apoptosis. As a result, complement activation in the tumor microenvironment
enhances tumor growth and increases metastasis. In this Review, I discuss immune
and nonimmune functions of complement proteins and the tumor-promoting effect of
complement activation.