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2015 ; 19
(7
): 1471-82
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The role of tanycytes in hypothalamic glucosensing
#MMPMID26081217
Elizondo-Vega R
; Cortes-Campos C
; Barahona MJ
; Oyarce KA
; Carril CA
; García-Robles MA
J Cell Mol Med
2015[Jul]; 19
(7
): 1471-82
PMID26081217
show ga
Tanycytes are elongated hypothalamic glial cells that cover the basal walls of
the third ventricle; their apical regions contact the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
and their processes reach hypothalamic neuronal nuclei that control the energy
status of an organism. These nuclei maintain the balance between energy
expenditure and intake, integrating several peripheral signals and triggering
cellular responses that modify the feeding behaviour and peripheral glucose
homeostasis. One of the most important and well-studied signals that control this
process is glucose; however, the mechanism by which this molecule is sensed
remains unknown. We along with others have proposed that tanycytes play a key
role in this process, transducing changes in CSF glucose concentration to the
neurons that control energy status. Recent studies have demonstrated the
expression and function of monocarboxylate transporters and canonical pancreatic
? cell glucose sensing molecules, including glucose transporter 2 and
glucokinase, in tanycytes. These and other data, which will be discussed in this
review, suggest that hypothalamic glucosensing is mediated through a metabolic
interaction between tanycytes and neurons through lactate. This article will
summarize the recent evidence that supports the importance of tanycytes in
hypothalamic glucosensing, and discuss the possible mechanisms involved in this
process. Finally, it is important to highlight that a detailed analysis of this
mechanism could represent an opportunity to understand the evolution of
associated pathologies, including diabetes and obesity, and identify new
candidates for therapeutic intervention.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Cell Communication
[MESH]
|Ependymoglial Cells/*metabolism
[MESH]
|Glucokinase/metabolism
[MESH]
|Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism
[MESH]