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2015 ; 11
(4
): 192-208
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The role of inflammation in perinatal brain injury
#MMPMID25686754
Hagberg H
; Mallard C
; Ferriero DM
; Vannucci SJ
; Levison SW
; Vexler ZS
; Gressens P
Nat Rev Neurol
2015[Apr]; 11
(4
): 192-208
PMID25686754
show ga
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as being a critical contributor to both
normal development and injury outcome in the immature brain. The focus of this
Review is to highlight important differences in innate and adaptive immunity in
immature versus adult brain, which support the notion that the consequences of
inflammation will be entirely different depending on context and stage of CNS
development. Perinatal brain injury can result from neonatal encephalopathy and
perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke, usually at term, but also in preterm
infants. Inflammation occurs before, during and after brain injury at term, and
modulates vulnerability to and development of brain injury. Preterm birth, on the
other hand, is often a result of exposure to inflammation at a very early
developmental phase, which affects the brain not only during fetal life, but also
over a protracted period of postnatal life in a neonatal intensive care setting,
influencing critical phases of myelination and cortical plasticity.
Neuroinflammation during the perinatal period can increase the risk of
neurological and neuropsychiatric disease throughout childhood and adulthood, and
is, therefore, of concern to the broader group of physicians who care for these
individuals.