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2016 ; 26
(5
): 828-40
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The role of habit in compulsivity
#MMPMID26774661
Gillan CM
; Robbins TW
; Sahakian BJ
; van den Heuvel OA
; van Wingen G
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol
2016[May]; 26
(5
): 828-40
PMID26774661
show ga
Compulsivity has been recently characterized as a manifestation of an imbalance
between the brain?s goal-directed and habit-learning systems. Habits are perhaps
the most fundamental building block of animal learning, and it is therefore
unsurprising that there are multiple ways in which the development and execution
of habits can be promoted/discouraged. Delineating these neurocognitive routes
may be critical to understanding if and how habits contribute to the many faces
of compulsivity observed across a range of psychiatric disorders. In this review,
we distinguish the contribution of excessive stimulus-response habit learning
from that of deficient goal-directed control over action and response inhibition,
and discuss the role of stress and anxiety as likely contributors to the
transition from goal-directed action to habit. To this end, behavioural,
pharmacological, neurobiological and clinical evidence are synthesised and a
hypothesis is formulated to capture how habits fit into a model of compulsivity
as a trans-diagnostic psychiatric trait.
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