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2015 ; 6
(ä): 545
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The orisome: structure and function
#MMPMID26082765
Leonard AC
; Grimwade JE
Front Microbiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 545
PMID26082765
show ga
During the cell division cycle of all bacteria, DNA-protein complexes termed
orisomes trigger the onset of chromosome duplication. Orisome assembly is both
staged and stringently regulated to ensure that DNA synthesis begins at a precise
time and only once at each origin per cycle. Orisomes comprise multiple copies of
the initiator protein DnaA, which oligomerizes after interacting with
specifically positioned recognition sites in the unique chromosomal replication
origin, oriC. Since DnaA is highly conserved, it is logical to expect that all
bacterial orisomes will share fundamental attributes. Indeed, although
mechanistic details remain to be determined, all bacterial orisomes are capable
of unwinding oriC DNA and assisting with loading of DNA helicase onto the
single-strands. However, comparative analysis of oriCs reveals that the
arrangement and number of DnaA recognition sites is surprisingly variable among
bacterial types, suggesting there are many paths to produce functional orisome
complexes. Fundamental questions exist about why these different paths exist and
which features of orisomes must be shared among diverse bacterial types. In this
review we present the current understanding of orisome assembly and function in
Escherichia coli and compare the replication origins among the related members of
the Gammaproteobacteria. From this information we propose that the diversity in
orisome assembly reflects both the requirement to regulate the conformation of
origin DNA as well as to provide an appropriate cell cycle timing mechanism that
reflects the lifestyle of the bacteria. We suggest that identification of shared
steps in orisome assembly may reveal particularly good targets for new
antibiotics.