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2015 ; 6
(ä): 637
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The origin and evolution of phototropins
#MMPMID26322073
Li FW
; Rothfels CJ
; Melkonian M
; Villarreal JC
; Stevenson DW
; Graham SW
; Wong GK
; Mathews S
; Pryer KM
Front Plant Sci
2015[]; 6
(ä): 637
PMID26322073
show ga
Plant phototropism, the ability to bend toward or away from light, is
predominantly controlled by blue-light photoreceptors, the phototropins. Although
phototropins have been well-characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, their
evolutionary history is largely unknown. In this study, we complete an in-depth
survey of phototropin homologs across land plants and algae using newly available
transcriptomic and genomic data. We show that phototropins originated in an
ancestor of Viridiplantae (land plants + green algae). Phototropins repeatedly
underwent independent duplications in most major land-plant lineages (mosses,
lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants), but remained single-copy genes in liverworts
and hornworts-an evolutionary pattern shared with another family of
photoreceptors, the phytochromes. Following each major duplication event, the
phototropins differentiated in parallel, resulting in two specialized, yet
partially overlapping, functional forms that primarily mediate either low- or
high-light responses. Our detailed phylogeny enables us to not only uncover new
phototropin lineages, but also link our understanding of phototropin function in
Arabidopsis with what is known in Adiantum and Physcomitrella (the major model
organisms outside of flowering plants). We propose that the convergent functional
divergences of phototropin paralogs likely contributed to the success of plants
through time in adapting to habitats with diverse and heterogeneous light
conditions.