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The Molecular Basis of Craniofacial Placode Development #MMPMID26952139
Singh S; Groves AK
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 2016[May]; 5 (3): 363-76 PMID26952139show ga
The sensory organs of the vertebrate head originate from simple ectodermal structures known as cranial placodes. All cranial placodes derive from a common domain adjacent to the neural plate, the pre-placodal region, which is induced at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm during gastrulation. Induction and specification of the pre-placodal region is regulated by the FGF, BMP, WNT and retinoic acid signaling pathways, and characterized by expression of the EYA and SIX family of transcriptional regulators. Once the pre-placodal region is specified, different combinations of local signaling molecules and placode-specific transcription factors, including competence factors, promote the induction of individual cranial placodes along the neural axis of the head region. In this review, we summarize the steps of cranial placode development and discuss the roles of the main signaling molecules and transcription factors which regulate these steps during placode induction, specification and development.