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2016 ; 5
(3
): 363-76
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The molecular basis of craniofacial placode development
#MMPMID26952139
Singh S
; Groves AK
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol
2016[May]; 5
(3
): 363-76
PMID26952139
show ga
The sensory organs of the vertebrate head originate from simple ectodermal
structures known as cranial placodes. All cranial placodes derive from a common
domain adjacent to the neural plate, the preplacodal region, which is induced at
the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm during gastrulation. Induction and
specification of the preplacodal region is regulated by the fibroblast growth
factor, bone morphogenetic protein, WNT, and retinoic acid signaling pathways,
and characterized by expression of the EYA and SIX family of transcriptional
regulators. Once the preplacodal region is specified, different combinations of
local signaling molecules and placode-specific transcription factors, including
competence factors, promote the induction of individual cranial placodes along
the neural axis of the head region. In this review, we summarize the steps of
cranial placode development and discuss the roles of the main signaling molecules
and transcription factors that regulate these steps during placode induction,
specification, and development. For further resources related to this article,
please visit the WIREs website.
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