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2016 ; 16
(3
): 221-36
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The molecular basis of bone mechanotransduction
#MMPMID27609037
Yavropoulou MP
; Yovos JG
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact
2016[Sep]; 16
(3
): 221-36
PMID27609037
show ga
The skeleton has the ability to perfectly adapt to external forces of the
operating environment, by altering its morphology and metabolism in order to meet
different needs. This unique adaptive capacity of the skeleton creates an
interesting range of biological questions concerning the perception of mechanical
or other kinds of signals, the type of receptor, and the molecular pathways
involved in this adaptation. Studies of the characteristics of the cellular
engineering provide a host of new information that confers to osteocytes the role
of the protagonist in the perception and regulation of mechanical effects on the
skeleton. The identity of mechanoreceptors is manifold and concerns ion channels,
integrins, cell membrane, the cytoskeleton, and other systems. A similar
multiplicity characterizes the intracellular signaling. This review describes
recent data concerning the outward force reception systems and intracellular
transduction pathways of information transfer leading to the continuous
adaptation of bone tissue. Increased appreciation of the importance of the
mechanical environment in regulating and determining the effectiveness of
structural adjustment of the skeleton defines new horizons for the discovery of
novel therapeutic approaches to diseases associated with bone loss.
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