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2014 ; 25
(9-10
): 424-33
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response in mammalian physiology
#MMPMID24898297
Mottis A
; Jovaisaite V
; Auwerx J
Mamm Genome
2014[Oct]; 25
(9-10
): 424-33
PMID24898297
show ga
Mitochondria, the main site of cellular energy harvesting, are derived from
proteobacteria that evolved within our cells in endosymbiosis. Mitochondria
retained vestiges of their proteobacterial genome, the circular mitochondrial
DNA, which encodes 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation multiprotein
complexes in the electron transport chain (ETC), while the remaining ~80 ETC
components are encoded in the nuclear DNA (nDNA). A further ~1,400 proteins,
which are essential for mitochondrial function are also encoded in nDNA. Thus, a
majority of mitochondrial proteins are translated in the cytoplasm, then
imported, processed, and assembled in the mitochondria. An intricate protein
quality control (PQC) network, constituted of chaperones and proteases that
refold or degrade defective proteins, maintains mitochondrial proteostasis and
ensures the cell and organism health. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response
is a relatively recently discovered PQC pathway, which senses the proteostatic
disturbances specifically in the mitochondria and resolves the stress by
retrograde signaling to the nucleus and consequent transcriptional activation of
protective genes. This PQC system does not only transiently resolve the local
stress but also can have long-lasting effects on whole body metabolism, fitness,
and longevity. A delicate tuning of its activation levels might constitute a
treatment of various diseases, such as metabolic diseases, cancer, and
neurodegenerative disorders.
|*Unfolded Protein Response
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Cell Nucleus/metabolism
[MESH]
|Gene Expression Regulation
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Mammals/*physiology
[MESH]
|Metabolic Diseases/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]
|Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism
[MESH]
|Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]
|Nervous System Diseases/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]