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Sci+Adv
2015 ; 1
(3
): ? Nephropedia Template TP
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The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians
#MMPMID26229982
Clemente JC
; Pehrsson EC
; Blaser MJ
; Sandhu K
; Gao Z
; Wang B
; Magris M
; Hidalgo G
; Contreras M
; Noya-Alarcón Ó
; Lander O
; McDonald J
; Cox M
; Walter J
; Oh PL
; Ruiz JF
; Rodriguez S
; Shen N
; Song SJ
; Metcalf J
; Knight R
; Dantas G
; Dominguez-Bello MG
Sci Adv
2015[Apr]; 1
(3
): ? PMID26229982
show ga
Most studies of the human microbiome have focused on westernized people with
life-style practices that decrease microbial survival and transmission, or on
traditional societies that are currently in transition to westernization. We
characterize the fecal, oral, and skin bacterial microbiome and resistome of
members of an isolated Yanomami Amerindian village with no documented previous
contact with Western people. These Yanomami harbor a microbiome with the highest
diversity of bacteria and genetic functions ever reported in a human group.
Despite their isolation, presumably for >11,000 years since their ancestors
arrived in South America, and no known exposure to antibiotics, they harbor
bacteria that carry functional antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, including those
that confer resistance to synthetic antibiotics and are syntenic with
mobilization elements. These results suggest that westernization significantly
affects human microbiome diversity and that functional AR genes appear to be a
feature of the human microbiome even in the absence of exposure to commercial
antibiotics. AR genes are likely poised for mobilization and enrichment upon
exposure to pharmacological levels of antibiotics. Our findings emphasize the
need for extensive characterization of the function of the microbiome and
resistome in remote nonwesternized populations before globalization of modern
practices affects potentially beneficial bacteria harbored in the human body.
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