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2017 ; 13
(5
): 3354-3362
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The meaning of PIWI proteins in cancer development
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Litwin M
; Szczepa?ska-Buda A
; Piotrowska A
; Dzi?giel P
; Witkiewicz W
Oncol Lett
2017[May]; 13
(5
): 3354-3362
PMID28529570
show ga
Cancer is a histologically and genetically heterogeneous population of tumor
cells that exhibits distinct molecular profiles determined by epigenetic
alterations. P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins in complex with
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) have been previously demonstrated to be involved in
epigenetic regulation in germline cells. Recently, reactivation of PIWI
expression, primarily PIWI-like protein 1 and 2, through aberrant DNA methylation
resulting in genomic silencing has been identified in various types of tumors. It
has been suggested that the PIWI-piRNA complex contributes to cancer development
and progression by promoting a stem-like state of cancer cells, or cancer stem
cells (CSCs). It has been identified that CSCs represent the cells that have
undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquired metastatic
capacities. However, the molecular association between the EMT process and the
stem-cell state remains unclear. Further extensive characterization of CSCs in
individual types of tumors is required to identify specific markers for the
heterogeneous population of CSCs and therefore selectively target CSCs. Previous
studies indicate a reciprocal regulation between PIWI proteins and a complex
signaling network linking markers characterized for CSCs and transcription
factors involved in EMT. In the present review, studies of PIWI function are
summarized, and the potential involvement of PIWI proteins in cancer development
and progression is discussed.
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