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Biochim Biophys Acta
2015[Apr]; 1851
(4
): 433-45
PMID25449649
show ga
Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are prostaglandin-like molecules generated independent of
the cyclooxygenase (COX) by the free radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic
acid. The first isoprostane species discovered were isomeric to prostaglandin F2?
and were thus termed F2-IsoPs. Since the initial discovery of the F2-IsoPs, IsoPs
with differing ring structures have been identified as well as IsoPs from
different polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexanenoic acid. The discovery of these molecules in vivo in humans has
been a major contribution to the field of lipid oxidation and free radical
research over the course of the past 25 years. These molecules have been
determined to be both biomarkers and mediators of oxidative stress in numerous
disease settings. This review focuses on recent developments in the field with an
emphasis on clinical research. Special focus is given to the use of IsoPs as
biomarkers in obesity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, the central nervous system,
cancer, and genetic disorders. Additionally, attention is paid to diet and
lifestyle factors that can affect endogenous levels of IsoPs. This article is
part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and
biological relevance."
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