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2014 ; 133
(6
): 701-11
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The grammar of transcriptional regulation
#MMPMID24390306
Weingarten-Gabbay S
; Segal E
Hum Genet
2014[Jun]; 133
(6
): 701-11
PMID24390306
show ga
Eukaryotes employ combinatorial strategies to generate a variety of expression
patterns from a relatively small set of regulatory DNA elements. As in any other
language, deciphering the mapping between DNA and expression requires an
understanding of the set of rules that govern basic principles in transcriptional
regulation, the functional elements involved, and the ways in which they combine
to orchestrate a transcriptional output. Here, we review the current
understanding of various grammatical rules, including the effect on expression of
the number of transcription factor binding sites, their location, orientation,
affinity and activity; co-association with different factors; and intrinsic
nucleosome organization. We review different methods that are used to study the
grammar of transcription regulation, highlight gaps in current understanding, and
discuss how recent technological advances may be utilized to bridge them.