The fifth dimension of innate immunity
#MMPMID25278167
Schmidt C
; Schneble N
; Wetzker R
J Cell Commun Signal
2014[Dec]; 8
(4
): 363-7
PMID25278167
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Innate immunity has evolved as a first line defense against invading pathogens.
Cellular and humoral elements of the innate immune system detect infectious
parasites, initiate inflammatory resistance reactions and finally contribute to
the elimination of the invaders. Repeated attacks by pathogenic agents induce
adaptive responses of the innate immune system. Typically, reapplication of
pathogens provokes tolerance of the affected organism. However, also stimulatory
effects of primary infections on subsequent innate immune responses have been
observed. The present overview touches an undervalued aspect in the innate immune
response: Its pronounced dependency on pathogen load. In addition to localization
and timing of innate immune responses the pathogen dose dependency might be
considered as a "fifth dimension of innate immunity". Experimental results and
literature data are presented proposing a hormetic reaction pattern of innate
immune cells depending on the dose of pathogens.
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