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2015 ; 4
(9
): e1027472
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The exosomes in tumor immunity
#MMPMID26405598
Liu Y
; Gu Y
; Cao X
Oncoimmunology
2015[Sep]; 4
(9
): e1027472
PMID26405598
show ga
Exosomes are a kind of nanometric membrane vesicles and can be released by almost
all kinds of cells, including cancer cells. As the important mediators in
intercellular communications, exosomes mediate exchange of protein and genetic
material derived from parental cells. Emerging evidences show that exosomes
secreted by either host cells or cancer cells are involved in tumor initiation,
growth, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, communications between immune cells
and cancer cells via exosomes play dual roles in modulating tumor immunity. In
this review, we focus on exosome-mediated immunosuppression via inhibition of
antitumor responses elicited by immune cells (DCs, NK cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T
cells, etc.) and induction of immunosuppressive or regulatory cell populations
(MDSCs, Tregs and Bregs). Transfer of cytokines, microRNAs (miRNAs) and
functional mRNAs by tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) is crucial in the immune
escape. Furthermore, exosomes secreted from several kinds of immune cells (DCs,
CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tregs) also participate in immunosuppression. On the other
hand, we summarize the current application of DC-derived and modified
tumor-derived exosomes as tumor vaccines. The potential challenges about
exosome-based vaccines for clinical application are also discussed.
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