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2015 ; 218
(Pt 12
): 1812-21
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The emerging role of RNA editing in plasticity
#MMPMID26085659
Rosenthal JJ
J Exp Biol
2015[Jun]; 218
(Pt 12
): 1812-21
PMID26085659
show ga
All true metazoans modify their RNAs by converting specific adenosine residues to
inosine. Because inosine binds to cytosine, it is a biological mimic for
guanosine. This subtle change, termed RNA editing, can have diverse effects on
various RNA-mediated cellular pathways, including RNA interference, innate
immunity, retrotransposon defense and messenger RNA recoding. Because RNA editing
can be regulated, it is an ideal tool for increasing genetic diversity,
adaptation and environmental acclimation. This review will cover the following
themes related to RNA editing: (1) how it is used to modify different cellular
RNAs, (2) how frequently it is used by different organisms to recode mRNA, (3)
how specific recoding events regulate protein function, (4) how it is used in
adaptation and (5) emerging evidence that it can be used for acclimation.
Organismal biologists with an interest in adaptation and acclimation, but with
little knowledge of RNA editing, are the intended audience.