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2013 ; 54
(1
): 1-6
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The diagnosis of depression: current and emerging methods
#MMPMID22901834
Smith KM
; Renshaw PF
; Bilello J
Compr Psychiatry
2013[Jan]; 54
(1
): 1-6
PMID22901834
show ga
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in adolescents and adults,
particularly starting from age 15 years and older. Diagnosis of depression has
traditionally been made based on clinical criteria, including patient current
symptoms and history. This process is widely used but relies on subjective
interpretation. To standardize both the data obtained and data interpretation,
various interview-based instruments and noninterview methods exist for screening
and testing for depression in various clinical settings. This article evaluates
the technical basis for and clinical performance of these various instruments and
methods to diagnosis depression in clinical settings. Traditional tools include
physician-administered or patient self-administered interview tools that have
reasonable clinical accuracy depending on the threshold score and may lead to a
full diagnostic evaluation for high-risk patients. In addition, older laboratory
methods such as the dexamethasone test have contributed to the diagnosis of
depression over a long period. Newer diagnostic methods such as genomics,
proteomics, and metabolomics are technically sophisticated and objective and are
beginning to emerge in psychiatry. Although promising, further evaluation of
these methods is needed to fully demonstrate their clinical value and accuracy.