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2015 ; 15
(ä): 44
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The developmental basis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)
#MMPMID26589542
Sheng G
BMC Dev Biol
2015[Nov]; 15
(ä): 44
PMID26589542
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BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) define a population of
progenitor cells capable of giving rises to at least three mesodermal lineages in
vitro, the chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes. The validity of MSCs in vivo
has been questioned because their existence, either as a homogeneous progenitor
cell population or as a stem cell lineage, has been difficult to prove. The wide
use of primary MSCs in regenerative and therapeutic applications raises ethical
and regulatory concerns in many countries. In contrast to hematopoietic stem
cells, a parallel concept which carries an embryological emphasis from its
outset, MSCs have attracted little interest among developmental biologists and
the embryological basis for their existence, or lack thereof, has not been
carefully evaluated. METHODS: This article provides a brief, embryological
overview of these three mesoderm cell lineages and offers a framework of
ontological rationales for the potential existence of MSCs in vivo. RESULTS:
Emphasis is given to the common somatic lateral plate mesoderm origin of the
majority of body's adipose and skeletal tissues and of the major sources used for
MSC derivation clinically. Support for the MSC hypothesis also comes from a large
body of molecular and lineage analysis data in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded
that despite the lack of a definitive proof, the MSC concept has a firm
embryological basis and that advances in MSC research can be facilitated by
achieving a better integration with developmental biology.