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2016 ; 3
(1
): 20
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The cross-talk between enterocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes
#MMPMID27251606
Vitale S
; Picascia S
; Gianfrani C
Mol Cell Pediatr
2016[Dec]; 3
(1
): 20
PMID27251606
show ga
The gut mucosa is continuously exposed to food and microbial antigens. Both
enterocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes have a pivotal role in maintaining
the integrity of intestinal mucosa, as these cells guarantee a first line of
defense against pathogens and toxic molecules. Enterocytes maintain a physical
barrier against microbes and directly contribute to the gut homeostasis by
sampling the luminal agents through several pattern recognition receptors or
presenting antigen to mucosa T cells. Similarly, due to a close physical contact
with the intestinal epithelial cells, the intraepithelial lymphocytes represent
an important part of the gut lymphoid tissue, contrasting the entry and spread of
pathogens. An alteration of the cross-talk between intestinal epithelial cells
and intraepithelial lymphocytes might actively contribute to the development of
intestinal immune disorders, as occurring in patients with celiac disease. In
genetically predisposed individuals, the gluten exposure results in a massive
production of interleukin-15, activation of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and
modification of small intestinal mucosa architecture and function. We will review
the recent studies on the pathophysiology of cross-talk between enterocytes and
intraepithelial T cells, and how this interaction is crucial for intestinal
integrity and homeostasis.