Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=23044644
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
The cochlear implant: historical aspects and future prospects
#MMPMID23044644
Eshraghi AA
; Nazarian R
; Telischi FF
; Rajguru SM
; Truy E
; Gupta C
Anat Rec (Hoboken)
2012[Nov]; 295
(11
): 1967-80
PMID23044644
show ga
The cochlear implant (CI) is the first effective treatment for deafness and
severe losses in hearing. As such, the CI is now widely regarded as one of the
great advances in modern medicine. This article reviews the key events and
discoveries that led up to the current CI systems, and we review and present some
among the many possibilities for further improvements in device design and
performance. The past achievements include: (1) development of reliable devices
that can be used over the lifetime of a patient; (2) development of arrays of
implanted electrodes that can stimulate more than one site in the cochlea; and
(3) progressive and large improvements in sound processing strategies for CIs. In
addition, cooperation between research organizations and companies greatly
accelerated the widespread availability and use of safe and effective devices.
Possibilities for the future include: (1) use of otoprotective drugs; (2) further
improvements in electrode designs and placements; (3) further improvements in
sound processing strategies; (4) use of stem cells to replace lost sensory hair
cells and neural structures in the cochlea; (5) gene therapy; (6) further
reductions in the trauma caused by insertions of electrodes and other
manipulations during implant surgeries; and (7) optical rather electrical
stimulation of the auditory nerve. Each of these possibilities is the subject of
active research. Although great progress has been made to date in the development
of the CI, including the first substantial restoration of a human sense, much
more progress seems likely and certainly would not be a surprise.
free
free
free
