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The carnitine system and cancer metabolic plasticity
#MMPMID29445084
Melone MAB
; Valentino A
; Margarucci S
; Galderisi U
; Giordano A
; Peluso G
Cell Death Dis
2018[Feb]; 9
(2
): 228
PMID29445084
show ga
Metabolic flexibility describes the ability of cells to respond or adapt its
metabolism to support and enable rapid proliferation, continuous growth, and
survival in hostile conditions. This dynamic character of the cellular metabolic
network appears enhanced in cancer cells, in order to increase the adaptive
phenotype and to maintain both viability and uncontrolled proliferation. Cancer
cells can reprogram their metabolism to satisfy the energy as well as the
biosynthetic intermediate request and to preserve their integrity from the harsh
and hypoxic environment. Although several studies now recognize these
reprogrammed activities as hallmarks of cancer, it remains unclear which are the
pathways involved in regulating metabolic plasticity. Recent findings have
suggested that carnitine system (CS) could be considered as a gridlock to finely
trigger the metabolic flexibility of cancer cells. Indeed, the components of this
system are involved in the bi-directional transport of acyl moieties from cytosol
to mitochondria and vice versa, thus playing a fundamental role in tuning the
switch between the glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, the CS
regulation, at both enzymatic and epigenetic levels, plays a pivotal role in
tumors, suggesting new druggable pathways for prevention and treatment of human
cancer.
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