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2013 ; 27
(3
): 403-14
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The calcium-sensing receptor in the breast
#MMPMID23856268
Vanhouten JN
; Wysolmerski JJ
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
2013[Jun]; 27
(3
): 403-14
PMID23856268
show ga
Normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells express the
calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), the master regulator of systemic calcium
metabolism. During lactation, activation of the CaSR in mammary epithelial cells
downregulates parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels in milk and in
the circulation, and increases calcium transport into milk. In contrast, in
breast cancer cells the CaSR upregulates PTHrP production. A switch in G-protein
usage underlies the opposing effects of the CaSR on PTHrP expression in normal
and malignant breast cells. During lactation, the CaSR in normal breast cells
coordinates a feedback loop that matches the transport of calcium into milk and
maternal calcium metabolism to the supply of calcium. A switch in CaSR G-protein
usage during malignant transformation converts this feedback loop into a
feed-forward cycle in breast cancer cells that may promote the growth of
osteolytic skeletal metastases.